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The Xi’an language ( Xi'an: uoa29xyan2(uo’aXy’an) (Proper); ) is the language spoken by the Xi’an across the Xi’an Empire. It is the first Alien language of the Star Citizen Universe released to the public. It will be fully integrated in the game - though the implications on the gameplay side are uncertain for the moment. Developed by conlang artist Britton Watkins and the CIG writing team for Star Citizen and Squadron 42, it is intended to be further expanded together with the community via special Xi'an language sites on the RSI website.

Introduction

The Xi'an and their culture are initially based on Han dynasty China (around 206 BCE – 220 CE), so their language is influenced by various Asian languages - both in writing and pronunciation.^[1] They live for hundreds of years and plan for decades rather than years, and often they come across rather reserved. This restrained and diplomatic demeanor also carries over into their language and speech. Getting the correct tone of politeness can be difficult for non-native speakers.

Important features

'Verticality', meaning that writing is usually from top to bottom and right to left (but can theoretically be written in any direction)
Tonal:
- Long and short vowel distinction
- Pitch is important - syllables may have a higher, neutral or lower tone - usually indicated by ’ and .
- Various dialects, but most important are the so-called Proper Xi’an (uo’a e thle’a) and Service Dialect (uo’a se Hyath)
200 different letters or “glyphs”, written in blocks to form words
Only 9 verbs, but depending on 'politeness' or 'flavour' they are written differently

As stated above, the distinction into various levels of politeness is very important in the Xi'an language and is difficult to see or hear for non-native speakers. Being overly polite can be as bad as it is to be excessively casual. The right balance is important and not always easy.

Dialects

Because of the large size of the Xi’an Empire, there are numerous dialects and languages spoken across their empire.^[2]

Proper Xi’an

Proper Xi’an or Proper language ( Xi'an: uoa2 e thlea2(uo’a e thle’a) (Proper); literally proper speech; ) is the standard dialect of the Xi’an language.^[3]

Service dialect

Service dialect or Military dialect ( Xi'an: uoa2 se 9hyath(uo’a se Hyath) (Proper); literally military speech; ) is a common dialect of the Xi'an language. It is common among those who are in or served in the Xi’an Defense Forces. It is a multi-millennia-old remnant of the military-centric unification of their empire by the Ru’a Dynasty in the dawn of the First Imperial Age.^[4]

Provincial dialects

There are provincial dialects that varies across regions from regions.

Writing

Alphabets

The Xi’an alphabet ( Xi'an: kyexiin(kyexiin) (Proper); literally script / alphabetic letter; ) is based on around 200 glyphs that developed out of the Xi’an way to write in very specific blocks. Depending on whether the glyph is written in the whole block, half of the block or only one corner (usually upper right or lower right), three groups of glyphs can be distinguished:

basic
block
corner

This is a very efficient way to get as much phonetic information in one block as possible, but can also lead to more difficult to read glyphs, especially for corner diphthongs. Additionally, there exist various pitch diacritics to mark pitches on specific syllables - from low or high to falling or rising pitch.

There exist many different styles of writing Xi’an, but the most important ones are xiinthle’a and Standard Romanized Xi’an (SRX), which was developed to transscribe Xi’an into easier readable Roman letters.^[5]

Proper writing

Proper writing ( Xi'an: xiinthlea2(xiinthle’a) (Proper); literally proper writing; ) is a Xi’an language typeset of Xi’an alphabet. It is considered quite proper by the Xi’an and it is common in Xi’an Empire. It is almost always written vertically from the upper right flowing to the lower left. It does occur horizontally in special circumstances.^[6]

Standard Romanized Xi’an

A standardized system of writing Xi’an in Roman letters was developed in the so-called SRX. It introduces . and ’ as equivalents to the pitch markers in kyexiin and rules for translating Xi’an writings. Long vowels are marked by macrons (ā, ē, ō, ū) and a double i (ii) are another disctinct feature of Xi’an as is the pronounciation of the diphthongs created with u (ua, ue, ui, uo). These are spoken like a W as wah, weh, woh, wuh and wee.^[7]

Sounds

Anatomically the Xi'an are still similar enough to humans that they have no difficult or even impossible sounds in their language. The most important thing to be aware here is the pitch, meaning the tone of certain syllables in words. For example a falling pitch in the word lo'a gives us the word nine (9), while a neutral tone loa leads to the word for eat or drink.

Example - pitch in numbers 0 to 10:

Verbs & sentences

There exist only 6 verbs in Xi'an. These do not conjugate (meaning their ending does not change form), but they have different forms depending on politeness levels.

Usual word order in sentences is VSO - verb subject object.^[8]

Influences

´

"It's not based specifically on a any single human language. There are many ideas (...) especially the phonology that comes from asia, that are inspired directly or indirectly by a kind of mashup of what happens with the pitch and tone in Japanese and Thai and Chinese. There are some grammatical structures...I mean even the way some verbs works where there's a verb and then you put a content word after it in order to make it mean a broader meaning. There are several human languages that do that."
Britton Watkins - Happy Hour Interview: The Xi'an Language and YOU

Useful links

Ressources

Video lessons

RSI Forum threads

Additional links

References

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[1] Britton Watkins on linguistic influences. Spectrum

[2] An Overview of the Xi’an Language for Diplomats

[3] An Overview of the Xi’an Language for Diplomats

[4] An Overview of the Xi’an Language for Diplomats

[5] An Overview of the Xi’an Language for Diplomats

[6] An Overview of the Xi’an Language for Diplomats

[7] An Overview of the Xi’an Language for Diplomats

[8] An Overview of the Xi’an Language for Diplomats

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[2]

[3]

[4]

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{stub}}
 [[File:Xiinthle a letters.PNG|thumb|right|The word ''Xi’an'' in Xi’an letters]]
 The '''Xi’an language'''{{SClang|lang=xian|srx=uo’aXy’an|kyexiin=uoa29xyan2}} is the language spoken by the [[Xi’an]] across the [[Xi’an Empire]]. It is the first [[Alien Languages|Alien language]] of the [[Star Citizen]] Universe released to the public. It will be fully integrated in the game - though the implications on the gameplay side are uncertain for the moment. Developed by conlang artist [[Britton Watkins]] and the [[CIG]] writing team for Star Citizen and [[Squadron 42]], it is intended to be further expanded together with the community via special Xi'an language sites on the RSI website.
-== Introduction ==
+==Introduction==
 The Xi'an and their culture are initially based on [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_dynasty Han dynasty China] (around 206 BCE – 220 CE), so their language is influenced by various Asian languages - both in writing and pronunciation.<ref>{{Cite RSI|url=/spectrum/community/SC/forum/88013/thread/xi-an-language-discussion-1/563777|text = Britton Watkins on linguistic influences}}</ref> They live for hundreds of years and plan for decades rather than years, and often they come across rather reserved. This restrained and diplomatic demeanor also carries over into their language and speech. Getting the correct tone of politeness can be difficult for non-native speakers.
 '''Important features'''
 *'Verticality', meaning that writing is usually from top to bottom and right to left (but can theoretically be written in any direction)
 *Tonal:
@@ Line 18: / Line 18: @@
 As stated above, the distinction into various levels of politeness is very important in the Xi'an language and is difficult to see or hear for non-native speakers. Being overly polite can be as bad as it is to be excessively casual. The right balance is important and not always easy.
-== Dialects ==
+==Dialects==
 Because of the large size of the Xi’an Empire, there are numerous dialects and languages spoken across their empire.<ref>{{Cite RSI|url=media/unzs4pdgg5wtir/source/Xian-Language-Overview-31-10-2947_corrected_x5.pdf|text=An Overview of the Xi’an Language for Diplomats}}</ref>
-=== Proper Xi’an ===
+===Proper Xi’an===
 {{TLT|main|Proper Xi’an}}
 Proper Xi’an or Proper language{{SClang|lang=xian|srx=uo’a e thle’a|srx-meaning=proper speech|kyexiin=uoa2 e thlea2}} is the standard dialect of the Xi’an language.<ref>{{Cite RSI|url=media/unzs4pdgg5wtir/source/Xian-Language-Overview-31-10-2947_corrected_x5.pdf|text=An Overview of the Xi’an Language for Diplomats}}</ref>
-=== Service dialect ===
+===Service dialect===
 {{TLT|main|Service dialect}}
 Service dialect or Military dialect{{SClang|lang=xian|srx=uo’a se Hyath|srx-meaning=military speech|kyexiin=uoa2 se 9hyath}} is a common dialect of the Xi'an language. It is common among those who are in or served in the [[Xi’an Defense Force]]s. It is a multi-millennia-old remnant of the military-centric unification of their empire by the [[House Ru’a|Ru’a]] Dynasty in the dawn of the [[First Imperial Age]].<ref>{{Cite RSI|url=media/unzs4pdgg5wtir/source/Xian-Language-Overview-31-10-2947_corrected_x5.pdf|text=An Overview of the Xi’an Language for Diplomats}}</ref>
-=== Provincial dialects ===
+===Provincial dialects===
 There are provincial dialects that varies across regions from regions.
-== Writing ==
+==Writing==
-=== Alphabets ===
+===Alphabets===
 {{TLT|main|Xi’an alphabet}}
 [[File:Xi'an letters blocks.PNG|thumb|The word Xi'an written in kyexiin]]
 The Xi’an alphabet {{SClang|lang=xian|kyexiin=kyexiin|srx=kyexiin|srx-meaning=script / alphabetic letter}} is based on around 200 glyphs that developed out of the Xi’an way to write in very specific blocks. Depending on whether the glyph is written in the whole block, half of the block or only one corner (usually upper right or lower right), three groups of glyphs can be distinguished:
 *basic
 *block
 *corner
 This is a very efficient way to get as much phonetic information in one block as possible, but can also lead to more difficult to read glyphs, especially for corner diphthongs. Additionally, there exist various pitch diacritics to mark pitches on specific syllables -  from low or high to falling or rising pitch.
@@ Line 51: / Line 52: @@
 {{Editorial Note|For a full list of the alphabet in the Xi'an script, see pdf on the {{Link RSI|url=spectrum/community/SC/forum/88012/thread/xi-an-alphabet|text=RSI site}}}}
-==== Proper writing ====
+====Proper writing====
 {{TLT|main|Proper writing}}
 Proper writing {{SClang|lang=xian|kyexiin=xiinthlea2|srx=xiinthle’a|srx-meaning=proper writing}} is a Xi’an language typeset of [[Xi’an alphabet]]. It is considered quite proper by the [[Xi’an]] and it is common in [[Xi’an Empire]]. It is almost always written vertically from the upper right flowing to the lower left. It does occur horizontally in special circumstances.<ref>{{Cite RSI|url=media/unzs4pdgg5wtir/source/Xian-Language-Overview-31-10-2947_corrected_x5.pdf|text=An Overview of the Xi’an Language for Diplomats}}</ref>
-=== Standard Romanized Xi’an ===
+===Standard Romanized Xi’an===
 {{TLT|main|Standard Romanized Xi’an}}
 A standardized system of writing Xi’an in Roman letters was developed in the so-called SRX. It introduces '''.''' and '''’''' as equivalents to the pitch markers in kyexiin and rules for translating Xi’an writings.
@@ Line 63: / Line 64: @@
 {{Editorial Note|For an introduction to [[Standard Romanized Xi'an]] (SRX), the translation of Xi'an into the Human writing system, see the {{Link RSI|url=comm-link/spectrum-dispatch/16214-A-Quick-Guide-To-SRX|text=Quick Guide}} on the RSI site}}
-== Sounds ==
+==Sounds==
 Anatomically the Xi'an are still similar enough to humans that they have no difficult or even impossible sounds in their language. The most important thing to be aware here is the pitch, meaning the tone of certain syllables in words. For example a falling pitch in the word ''lo'a'' gives us the word ''nine (9)'', while a neutral tone ''loa'' leads to the word for ''eat'' or ''drink''.
@@ Line 71: / Line 72: @@
-== Verbs & sentences ==
+==Verbs & sentences==
 [[File:Xian verb forms.PNG|500px|right|Table with all Xi'An verb forms]]
@@ Line 78: / Line 79: @@
 Usual word order in sentences is VSO - verb subject object.<ref>{{Cite RSI|url=media/unzs4pdgg5wtir/source/Xian-Language-Overview-31-10-2947_corrected_x5.pdf|text=An Overview of the Xi’an Language for Diplomats}}</ref>
-== Influences ==
+==Influences==
 ´{{Quote|It's not based specifically on a any single human language. There are many ideas (...) especially the phonology that comes from asia, that are inspired directly or indirectly by a kind of mashup of what happens with the pitch and tone in Japanese and Thai and Chinese. There are some grammatical structures...I mean even the way some verbs works where there's a verb and then you put a content word after it in order to make it mean a broader meaning. There are several human languages that do that.| Britton Watkins - Happy Hour Interview: The Xi'an Language and YOU}}
-== Useful links ==
+==Useful links==
 '''Ressources'''
 *{{Link RSI|url=spectrum/community/SC/forum/88012/thread/xi-an-language-learning-resources|text=Useful learning resources}}
 *{{Link RSI|url=comm-link/spectrum-dispatch/16214-A-Quick-Guide-To-SRX|text=Quick Guide}}
@@ Line 92: / Line 94: @@
 '''Video lessons'''
 *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OSOETxLuUHo uo'aXy'an Lesson One: Introduction and Greetings]
 *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tznbxuUbEwI uo'aXy'an Lesson Two: Pronunciation and Writing]
@@ Line 99: / Line 102: @@
 '''RSI Forum threads'''
 *{{Link RSI|url=spectrum/community/SC/forum/88013|text=Xi’An Language Forum}}
 *{{Link RSI|url=spectrum/community/SC/forum/88013/thread/xi-an-language-discussion-1|text=Discussion thread}}
 '''Additional links'''
 *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=efq71DNVKzg Happy Hour Interview (video): The Xi'an Language and YOU]
 *[https://robertsspaceindustries.com/comm-link/spectrum-dispatch/16246-Naming-Animals-From-The-Xian-Empire Community Contest (closed): Naming Animals from the Xi'an Empire]
 ==See also==
-* [[Xi'an]]
-* [[Alien Languages]]
+*[[Xi'an]]
-== References ==
+*[[Alien Languages]]
+==References==
 {{Reflist}}
+{{stub}}
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